Pathology of the endometrium in women with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection as a cause of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization attempts

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of the study is to detect endometrial pathology in individuals with blood-borne infections (hepatitis C virus [HCV] and HIV) and to assess the impact of quality of the endometrium on the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Materials and methods of research: The study involved 56 women of reproductive age, 33 women with HCV, 22 with HIV infection (stages 3 and 4A) and 1 patient with co-infection of HCV and HIV, which was excluded from the further study. Ultrasound investigation of the small pelvic organs, hysteroscopy with biopsy of the mucosa of the uterine cavity, histological examination of the endometrium, determination of HCV RNA and HIV RNA in serum and endometrial tissue by PCR method were conducted.

Results: Ultrasound and histological studies of the endometrium revealed a high incidence of development of hyperplastic and inflammatory processes of the endometrium in women with HCV (86% and 100%) and HIV (51% and 99%). When molecular biological examination of endometrial tissue of these patients was performed with the use of a set of reagents “AmpliSens HCV/HBV/HIV-FL” produced by Federal Budgetary Institution of Science (FBUN) Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor of Russia, HCV was detected in 16.7% and HIV in 14.3% of cases. In 5% of patients with HCV infection and 7% with HIV, pathogens were detected in the endometrium under the non-detectable viral load in the blood plasma. Lower effectiveness of IVF in women with HIV and HCV is defined compared to the women without blood-borne infections.

Conclusion: Detected HIV and HCV replications in the endometrium is the likely cause of hyperplastic and inflammatory processes of the endometrium leading to reduced efficiency of the ART programs in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV.     

支气管扩张:多层螺旋CT厚层和薄层比较

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的5 mm(厚层)和1.25 mm(薄层)层厚图像在诊断支气管扩张中的能力.方法 回顾性分析200例在薄层MSCT上诊断为支气管扩张患者的影像学资料,其中男112例,女88例,平均年龄67.42岁,在肺叶、肺段水平及支气管扩张的范围、类型上比较薄层与厚层MSCT之间的诊断差异.所用设备为64排MSCT,扫描层厚5 mm,螺距0.94,并作1.25 mm薄层重组.采用x2检验分析两者之间的差异.结果 在200例薄层MSCT诊断为支气管扩张者中,厚层MSCT仅检出其中的153例(76.5％),两者有极显著差异(P=0.000);在1200个肺叶中,薄层MSCT检出437个(36.41％)肺叶有支气管扩张,而厚层MSCT仅检出284个(23.67％)肺叶,有极显著差异(P =0.000);在3600个肺段中薄层MSCT检出682个(18.94％)肺段有支气管扩张,而厚层MSCT检出459个(12.75％)肺段,有极显著差异(P=0.000);在支气管扩张范围级别上,厚、薄层在1级范围之间有显著差异,而在2、3级之间并无显著差异;厚层MSCT漏检的支气管扩张都是柱状支气管扩张.结论 在检出局灶性、柱状支气管扩张的能力上薄层MSCT要显著高于厚层MSCT.     

雌、孕激素及促性腺激素水平测定对于绝经后妇女子宫内膜异常病变筛查的临床研究

目的探讨性激素水平测定对于筛查绝经后妇女子宫内膜病变的意义。方法选取我院门诊有充分手术指征的绝经后流血的患者，空腹时采肘静脉血3ml采用放射免疫RIA法测定性激素水平，并行分段诊刮，任何程度的子宫内膜增殖或增生均视为异常子宫内膜。结果绝经后妇女子宫内膜异常病变患者的雌激素水平明显高于正常绝经妇女（P〈0．05），尤其子宫内膜癌患者及子宫内膜不典型增生患者体内雌激素水平较正常绝经妇女显著增高，P〈0．01，且前二者之间亦有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论绝经后妇女阴道流血不能作为子宫内膜异常病变筛查的单一指标，对绝经后妇女常规进行性激素检测可作为子宫内膜异常病变的筛查方法之一。     

便携式薄膜太阳能光伏野外多功能应急电源的设计

目的:介绍一种在野外临时断电或无市电可利用的紧急情况下能够正常使用的便携光伏型野外多功能应急电源。方法:将目前最先进、实际光电转换效率高、弱光性强的铜铟镓铟(CIGS)薄膜太阳能电池片镶嵌在纤维基布上,制作成柔软的"薄膜太阳能光伏布",使用时展开与控制电源箱相连对其供电;不用时折叠包装后放入电源控制箱内。整个电源以太阳能光伏输入为主,以市电、发电机或汽车发动机等为辅,经过DC/AC、DC/DC、AC/DC等各种变换和系统控制后,产生直流为混合超级电容电池充电储能,最后输出直流和交流电源。结果:经过野外测试,该电源采用多种形式输入,多种途经输出,交流稳定,负载范围大,功能多,便携可满足常规设备的使用。同时质量轻、组合简单,便于野外携行、搬运。结论:该研究设计对薄膜太阳能电池光伏在移动应急电源应用方面意义重大。     

子宫腺肌病患者组织中巨噬细胞的检测

目的探讨子宫腺肌病患者在位、异位内膜中巨噬细胞的浸润及其在子宫腺肌病发病中的作用。方法采用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶染色法(SP法)检测子宫腺肌病患者在位及异位内膜各32例及正常内膜20例中巨噬细胞浸润水平。结果子宫腺肌病患者在位及异位内膜组织中巨噬细胞浸润水平(分别为75.49±21.86、88.89±19.40)显著高于正常内膜(38.55±11.09,P<0.01)。结论巨噬细胞在在位、异位内膜组织中的高浸润与子宫腺肌病的发病有关。     

Monitoring crystallisation of drugs from fast-dissolving oral films with isothermal calorimetry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of isothermal calorimetry to monitor and characterize crystallisation in drug-loaded fast-dissolving oral films.Films of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) containing indomethacin were cast into glass ampoules; stability was assessed by monitoring the power changes occurring with time. Three grades of PVP (K10, K25 and K40, where the number multiplied by 1000 gives the average molecular weight) were used. Indomethacin was seen to crystallise from all PVP grades over ca. 24–48 h at two study temperatures (25 and 37 °C), as denoted by a large exothermic event. At 25 °C the exothermic event was a single peak; at 37 °C two peaks were observed. Subsequent analysis of the crystals with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy determined that the stable γ-polymorph of indomethacin formed at 25 °C while both the γ- and metastable α-polymorphs formed at 37 °C. The calorimetric data were converted to relative crystallinity as a function of time and analysed with three crystallisation models (Avrami, Tobin and Urbanovici–Segal) to determine crystallisation kinetics. Of the three models applied the Urbanovici–Segal model best described the data, although this may be because this model contains a term that effectively accounts for deviation from the Avrami model. The rate constants determined were broadly consistent irrespective of the model used. Increasing polymer molecular weight did not generally affect the crystallisation rate, although an increase in temperature did result in a concomitant increase in crystallisation rate. The data suggest that isothermal calorimetry is able to monitor drug crystallisation in polymer films and therefore the technique could be a useful tool for conducting stability assays for fast-dissolving oral medicines.     

清胰利胆颗粒的薄层层析鉴别

目的：建立清胰利胆颗粒的薄层层析方法。方法：采用薄层层析法对处方中的金银花、牡丹皮进行定性鉴别。结果：该法色谱斑点清晰,附近无杂质干扰。结论：建立了专属性较强的薄层鉴别清胰利胆颗粒中金银花、牡丹皮的方法,该法简便,快捷,可作为该产品质量控制的方法。